Negative effect is favorable
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Options
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2021
Effects shown in research
Maternal health
Findings rated high
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal GAD-7 anxiety severity score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.28 | Unadjusted mean = 6.45 | Difference = -1.17 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.05 |
Unadjusted mean. |
Maternal PHQ-9 depression severity score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
12 months of age |
PFR vs. comparison, Washington 2015-2020, full sample |
252 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.31 | Unadjusted mean = 6.29 | Difference = -0.98 | Study reported = -0.18 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.09 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Unadjusted mean. |
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parenting stress: competence - Parent-Child Competence Scale from the Parenting Stress Index-3 (PSI-3) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
215 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 19.73 | Unadjusted mean = 19.95 | Mean difference = -0.22 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.80 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Parenting stress: competence - Parent-Child Competence Scale from the Parenting Stress Index-3 (PSI-3) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
211 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 19.80 | Unadjusted proportion = 19.33 | Mean difference = 0.47 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.59 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Parenting stress: dysfunctional interaction - Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction Scale from Parenting Stress Index (PSI) short form |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
215 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 18.48 | Unadjusted mean = 18.80 | Mean difference = -0.32 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Parenting stress: dysfunctional interaction - Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction Scale from Parenting Stress Index (PSI) short form |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
6 months post-intervention |
PFR vs. R&R, Washington state 2011-2014 |
211 parent/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 21.26 | Unadjusted mean = 21.70 | Mean difference = -0.44 | Study reported = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.53 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
783
Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress-Difficult Child: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, Difficult Child subscale, 12 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
175 caregivers | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= >0.10 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding estimated with hierarchical linear model (HLM). |
Stress-Difficult Child: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, Difficult Child subscale, 12 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
175 caregivers | Adjusted mean = 10.45 | Adjusted mean = 9.50 | Mean difference = 0.95 | Study reported = -0.22 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.22 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Stress-Dysfunctional Interaction: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, Parent-Child Dysfunction subscale, 11 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention |
PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
175 caregivers | Adjusted mean = 6.13 | Adjusted mean = 5.65 | Mean difference = 0.48 | Study reported = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.48 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Stress-Dysfunctional Interaction: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, Parent-Child Dysfunction subscale, 11 items) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Post-intervention | PFR vs. EES, one county in Washington state, 2007-2010, full sample |
175 caregivers | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= >0.10 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding estimated with hierarchical linear model (HLM). |